Introduction to 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, with CAS Registry Number 22288-43-3, is a specialized organic peroxide compound widely used in industrial applications, particularly as a free radical initiator in polymerization processes. This compound, often abbreviated for convenience but best known by its full IUPAC name, plays a crucial role in the production of polymers, plastics, and other materials. In this comprehensive SEO-optimized article, we will delve into every aspect of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, including its chemical properties, applications, safety guidelines, synthesis methods, and market insights.
Chemical Structure and Properties of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
Molecular Structure and Formula
1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate has a complex molecular structure that contributes to its reactivity and functionality. The chemical formula is C₁₆H₃₂O₄, and it features a peroxy group (-O-O-) attached to a tetramethylbutyl moiety and a 2-ethylhexanoate ester group. This structure makes it an effective source of free radicals when decomposed, which is essential for initiating polymerization reactions. The CAS number 22288-43-3 uniquely identifies this compound in chemical databases, ensuring accurate referencing in scientific literature and safety datasheets.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Understanding the physical and chemical properties of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate is vital for its handling and application. Here are some key properties:
- Appearance: Typically, it is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic odor.
- Molecular Weight: Approximately 288.43 g/mol.
- Melting Point: This compound may solidify at low temperatures but is generally liquid at room temperature, with a melting point around -20°C to -10°C (exact values can vary based on purity).
- Boiling Point: It decomposes before boiling, but under reduced pressure, it might be distilled; typical decomposition occurs around 80-100°C, releasing free radicals.
- Solubility: Soluble in common organic solvents such as hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones, but insoluble in water due to its hydrophobic nature.
- Density: Approximately 0.92-0.95 g/cm³ at 20°C.
- Reactivity: As an organic peroxide, it is highly reactive and can undergo exothermic decomposition when heated, exposed to catalysts, or subjected to mechanical shock. This reactivity is harnessed in industrial processes but requires careful handling.
These properties make 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate a valuable compound in chemical synthesis, but they also underscore the importance of safety measures, which we'll explore later in this article. By including keywords like "1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate properties" and "CAS 22288-43-3 chemical data," this section is optimized for search engines while providing factual information.
Applications and Uses of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
Role in Polymerization Processes
1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate is primarily used as a free radical initiator in the production of polymers. Its ability to decompose and generate radicals at specific temperatures makes it ideal for controlling polymerization reactions. Key applications include:
- Polyethylene and Polypropylene Production: In the manufacture of these common plastics, this compound initiates the chain reaction that forms polymer chains, leading to materials with desired properties like strength and flexibility.
- Styrene-Based Polymers: It is used in the polymerization of styrene to produce polystyrene and copolymers, which are used in packaging, insulation, and consumer goods.
- Acrylic Resins: For coatings, adhesives, and paints, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate helps in curing and cross-linking processes, enhancing durability and performance.
- Rubber and Elastomers: In the vulcanization and modification of rubber, it acts as a cross-linking agent, improving elasticity and heat resistance.
Industrial and Commercial Uses
Beyond polymerization, this compound finds applications in various industries:
- Adhesives and Sealants: It is incorporated into formulations to promote curing and bonding in high-performance adhesives.
- Coatings and Inks: Used in UV-curable coatings and printing inks to facilitate rapid drying and improve finish quality.
- Chemical Synthesis: As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it participates in reactions requiring free radical mechanisms, such as in the production of specialty chemicals.
- Research and Development: In laboratories, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate is studied for its kinetic properties and potential new applications, such as in nanotechnology or biomedical fields.
The versatility of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, CAS 22288-43-3, makes it a cornerstone in many industrial processes. By naturally integrating keywords like "uses of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate" and "CAS 22288-43-3 applications," this content is SEO-friendly and informative.
Safety, Handling, and Regulatory Aspects
Hazards and Precautions
Due to its peroxide nature, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate poses significant safety risks. Proper handling is essential to prevent accidents:
- Thermal Decomposition: It can decompose explosively if heated above its self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), typically around 50-60°C. Storage should be in cool, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources.
- Reactivity: Incompatible with reducing agents, strong acids, bases, and metals, as they can catalyze decomposition. Use non-reactive containers like polyethylene or glass for storage.
- Health Effects: Exposure can cause skin and eye irritation, respiratory issues, and in severe cases, burns. Always use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators when handling.
- Fire Hazard: It is flammable and can contribute to fires; keep away from ignition sources and have fire suppression equipment nearby.
Regulatory Compliance and MSDS
Globally, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate is regulated under chemical safety standards:
- OSHA and EPA Regulations: In the United States, it falls under hazardous chemical regulations, requiring proper labeling, Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and employee training.
- REACH and CLP in Europe: Compliance with Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) ensures safe use and environmental protection.
- Transportation: Classified as a dangerous good under UN numbers (e.g., UN 3105 for organic peroxides), it must be transported with caution following IMDG, IATA, or ADR guidelines.
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Synthesis and Production Methods
Industrial Synthesis
The production of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate involves careful chemical processes to ensure purity and stability:
- Reaction Pathway: It is typically synthesized by the reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide with 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride in the presence of a base, under controlled conditions to avoid premature decomposition.
- Purification: After synthesis, the compound is purified through distillation or crystallization under inert atmospheres to remove impurities that could affect reactivity.
- Quality Control: Manufacturers use techniques like gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) to confirm purity, which is crucial for consistent performance in applications.
Scale and Suppliers
Major chemical companies produce 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate on an industrial scale. Key suppliers include:
- BASF
- AkzoNobel
- Arkema: These global leaders offer high-purity grades for various applications.
- Shandong Do Sender Chemicals Co.,Ltd.
- Custom Synthesis: Some specialty chemical firms provide tailored formulations for specific needs, often with CAS 22288-43-3 listed for authenticity.
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Market Overview and Trends
Global Demand and Applications
The market for 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate is driven by the growing polymer industry:
- Regional Insights: Asia-Pacific leads in consumption due to expanding manufacturing in China and India, while North America and Europe focus on high-quality applications.
- Industry Trends: With increasing demand for sustainable materials, there is research into greener alternatives, but 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate remains popular for its efficiency.
- Price Factors: Costs vary based on raw material availability, production scale, and regulatory changes, typically ranging from 50to100 per kilogram for industrial grades.
Future Outlook
Innovations in polymerization technology may reduce reliance on peroxides, but 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate is expected to stay relevant due to its specific properties. Keywords like "CAS 22288-43-3 market" optimize this part for economic queries.
FAQs on 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate
Q: What is the primary use of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate?
A: It is mainly used as a free radical initiator in polymerization for plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Q: Is 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate hazardous?
A: Yes, it is an organic peroxide with risks of decomposition and irritation; always follow safety guidelines.
Q: Where can I find MSDS for CAS 22288-43-3?
A: Manufacturers' websites or chemical databases like PubChem provide Safety Data Sheets.
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