Perodox® 101 - 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane is an organic peroxide compound commonly used as a radical initiator in industrial applications, particularly in polymer chemistry. It belongs to the dialkyl peroxide family and is known for its role in initiating free-radical reactions.

This compound is primarily used as a crosslinking agent and initiator in the production of polymers such as polyethylene, polystyrene, and synthetic rubbers. It facilitates polymerization and curing processes in plastics, elastomers, and composite materials, enhancing properties like thermal stability and mechanical strength.

Upon thermal decomposition, 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane generates tert-butoxy radicals, which initiate free-radical chain reactions. This process breaks double bonds in monomers, leading to polymer chain growth or crosslinking, making it efficient for high-temperature applications.

This peroxide is classified as a hazardous material due to its potential for exothermic decomposition, flammability, and sensitivity to heat, shock, or friction. Safety measures include storing in a cool, dry place away from ignition sources, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and following proper handling protocols to prevent accidents.

Store in original, tightly sealed containers at temperatures below 30°C (86°F), away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials like acids or reducing agents. Shelf life typically ranges from 6 to 12 months when stored properly, but always check the manufacturer's guidelines for specific stability data.

It is commonly supplied as a liquid or in a diluted form (e.g., in mineral oil or polymer matrices) to reduce hazard risks. Commercial grades vary in purity and concentration, tailored for specific industrial processes such as extrusion, molding, or coating.

As an organic peroxide, it can be harmful to aquatic life and may decompose into volatile organic compounds. Dispose according to local regulations, often through licensed hazardous waste facilities. Avoid release into the environment, and consider recycling or incineration in controlled settings.

Compared to other peroxides, it offers higher thermal stability and a longer half-life at moderate temperatures, making it suitable for applications requiring precise control over reaction kinetics. Its decomposition products are less odorous, but it may be more sensitive to impurities, requiring careful handling.

The optimal decomposition temperature ranges from 100°C to 150°C (212°F to 302°F), depending on the formulation. Use in well-ventilated areas with inert atmospheres (e.g., nitrogen) to minimize side reactions, and follow manufacturer recommendations for catalyst ratios and processing times.

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The CAS Registry Number for 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane is 78-63-7.

Its molecular formula is C16H34O4, and it has a molecular weight of 290.4 g/mol.

Perodox® 101 has a typical active oxygen content of 10.96%, with a minimum specified purity of 90%.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.

The density of ADH is approximately 0.85 - 0.87 g/cm³ at 20°C.

ADH has a melting point of about 8°C. It decomposes before boiling at atmospheric pressure; its boiling point is 50-52°C at 0.5 mmHg

The refractive index (n20/D) is approximately 1.423.

Its main applications are as a high-temperature initiator for the polymerization of styrene and ethylene, and as a crosslinking agent for polyethylene, EPDM, EPM, and silicone rubber.

ADH has a 10-hour half-life temperature of 118°C, meaning it decomposes at a controlled rate suitable for processes requiring elevated temperatures, unlike peroxides that decompose at lower temperatures.

The 1-hour half-life temperature for 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane is approximately 136°C.

The SADT for Perodox® 101 is 60°C (140°F). This is the temperature at which decomposition may become self-accelerating in its shipping package.

It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from heat, sparks, and open flames. The recommended maximum storage temperature is 25°C (77°F).

When stored at or below 25°C, Perodox® 101 maintains its specifications for a minimum of 6 months from the date of delivery.

Minimum PPE includes chemical safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), protective clothing, and adequate ventilation to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Major thermal decomposition products include tert-butanol, acetone, methane, and 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diol.

It is classified as UN 3115, Organic peroxide type D, liquid, Division 5.2, Packing Group II.

ADH generally offers a slightly higher half-life temperature than DCP, providing better processing safety (scorch safety) in high-temperature vulcanization applications. ADH is a liquid, while DCP is often a solid or paste.

A typical dosage ranges from 0.5% to 3.0% by weight of the polymer, depending on the desired crosslink density and the specific type of polyethylene.

Yes, 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane is an effective high-temperature vulcanizing agent for silicone rubber, especially for thick-section articles.

No, ADH is practically insoluble in water. It is soluble in most common organic solvents like alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons.

ADH does not have a standard flash point as it may decompose exothermically before reaching a temperature where it would flash. It is considered a combustible liquid.

Not applicable in the conventional sense, as thermal decomposition precedes ignition. The decomposition onset is well below any potential auto-ignition point.

Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and plenty of water. Seek medical attention if irritation develops.

Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek immediate medical attention.

The vapor pressure is very low, approximately 0.01 hPa at 20°C.

Perodox® 101 is commonly packaged in 20 kg or 25 kg polyethylene containers or specially designed intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) for industrial use.

Standard grades are not specifically approved for direct food contact. For such applications, it is essential to consult the manufacturer for guidance on appropriate grades and to verify compliance with relevant food contact regulations (e.g., FDA, EU).

ADH typically has minimal impact on polymer color, making it suitable for both natural and lightly colored compounds.

Higher concentrations generally decrease cure time (t90) and increase the crosslink density, which can enhance properties like heat resistance and compression set but may reduce elongation at break.

A typical curing temperature range is 160°C to 180°C, with cure times varying from 5 to 20 minutes depending on the exact temperature and formulation.

ADH is compatible with most standard fillers (carbon black, silica), antioxidants, and processing oils. It is incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids/bases, and other materials that can catalyze its decomposition.

Small spills: Absorb with an inert material (sand, vermiculite) and place in a suitable container for disposal. Large spills: Contain and prevent from entering drains. Evacuate area and consult a specialist. Do not use combustible materials for absorption.

Disposal must comply with local, regional, and national regulations. Small quantities can sometimes be decomposed by controlled, slow addition to a sodium hydroxide solution. Professional hazardous waste disposal services are recommended for larger amounts.

Common methods include iodometric titration for active oxygen content, gas chromatography (GC) or HPLC for purity/assay, and Karl Fischer titration for water content.

Unlike some peroxides used for unsaturated polymers, ADH does not strictly require a co-agent for crosslinking saturated polymers like polyethylene. However, co-agents like Triallyl cyanurate (TAC) or Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) can be used to increase crosslinking efficiency and modulus.

Key industries include wire & cable (for crosslinked polyethylene insulation), automotive (for hoses, seals), and general polymer manufacturing for high-temperature applications.

The heat of decomposition is significant (approximately 1000-1200 kJ/kg). This exothermic nature is why proper thermal management during storage and handling is critical to prevent self-accelerating decomposition.

As an organic liquid, its thermal conductivity is relatively low, around 0.1-0.2 W/(m·K). This low conductivity can contribute to heat buildup in large volumes if not properly stored.

The specific heat capacity is approximately 2.0-2.5 J/(g·K).

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane is registered under REACH in the European Union and is listed on the TSCA Inventory in the United States.

The bifunctional structure (two peroxide groups per molecule) can lead to a more efficient crosslinking process, potentially allowing for lower peroxide loadings to achieve target properties compared to some monofunctional peroxides.

When stored correctly (cool) and kept away from contamination (especially with metals, acids, bases), ADH is stable. Its stability decreases rapidly as the temperature approaches and exceeds its SADT of 60°C.

Yes, it can be used as an initiator for other vinyl monomers that polymerize effectively via free-radical mechanisms at high temperatures.

Peroxide crosslinking forms carbon-carbon (C-C) crosslinks, which are more thermally and chemically stable than the sulfur-sulfur (S-S) or carbon-sulfur (C-S) crosslinks from sulfur curing, leading to superior heat aging resistance.

As a liquid, ADH is typically easier to meter and mix homogeneously into polymers (especially other liquids or molten polymers) compared to solid peroxides, which may have dust issues and require longer mixing times.

With proper formulation and curing, gel content (the insoluble fraction) can typically exceed 70-80%, indicating a highly crosslinked network.

Perodox® 101 offers consistent high quality (10.96% active oxygen), reliable supply from a major manufacturer, and is backed by technical support for application development.

The Safety Data Sheet can be requested directly from Shandong Do Sender Chemicals Co., Ltd. via their contact channels provided on the perodox.com website.

For technical support, you can contact the technical team at Shandong Do Sender Chemicals. Their contact information (email, phone) is available on the perodox.com website under the "Contact" section.