Perodox® 133 - tert-Amyl peroxyacetate

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (TAPA) is an organic peroxide compound with the CAS registry number 690-83-5. It is primarily used as a free-radical initiator in polymerization processes, such as the production of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and as a curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins.

The unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate is 690-83-5. This identifier is used universally in chemical databases, safety sheets, and regulatory documents.

The molecular formula of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is C7H14O3.

The molecular weight of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is 146.18 g/mol.

The primary application of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is as a low-temperature initiator for the high-pressure polymerization of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). It is also used as a curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and as an initiator for other vinyl monomers like styrene and methyl methacrylate.

Yes, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is classified as an organic peroxide (Class 5.2). It is thermally unstable, flammable, and can accelerate fire. It may cause severe skin burns, eye damage, and respiratory irritation. Proper handling, storage, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are mandatory.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) has the structural formula CH3C(O)OOC(CH3)2CH2CH3. It features a peroxide (-O-O-) bridge between an acetate group and a tert-amyl group.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) has a reported boiling point of approximately 44 °C at 12 Torr (16 mbar). It typically decomposes before boiling at atmospheric pressure.

The flash point of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is approximately 47 °C (117 °F), classifying it as a flammable liquid.

The density of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is about 0.949 g/cm³ at 25 °C.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) must be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames. The storage temperature should be kept below 30°C (86°F). It should be separated from acids, reducing agents, combustibles, and other incompatible materials.

The half-life of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is temperature-dependent. Common reference points include: 10 hours at 96°C, 1 hour at 114°C, and 0.1 hour (6 minutes) at 134°C.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is assigned the UN number 3107 for Organic Peroxide Type D, liquid.

PPE for handling tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) includes chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), safety goggles or face shield, flame-retardant protective clothing, and appropriate respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient.

In LDPE production, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) acts as a free-radical initiator. It decomposes under high pressure and temperature (typically in a tubular or autoclave reactor) to generate radicals that initiate the polymerization of ethylene into LDPE.

Yes, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is often used in combination with other organic peroxide initiators (like tert-butyl peroxyesters) to create a tailored initiator system that provides specific decomposition kinetics and temperature profiles for optimal polymerization control.

Synonyms include: Ethaneperoxoic acid, 1,1-dimethylpropyl ester; Peroxyacetic acid, 1,1-dimethylpropyl ester; tert-Pentyl peroxyacetate; TAPA; and trade names like Perodox® 133 or Luperox® 555M60.

The theoretical active oxygen content of pure tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is approximately 10.94%. Commercial formulations (e.g., 50% or 70% solutions in odorless mineral spirits) have proportionally lower active oxygen content.

Waste tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) must be treated as hazardous organic peroxide waste. It should be disposed of by incineration in a permitted hazardous waste incinerator with appropriate air pollution controls, following all local, national, and international regulations.

Inhalation:​ Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if breathing is difficult.

Skin Contact:​ Immediately remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:​ Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present. Continue rinsing and seek immediate medical attention.

Ingestion:​ Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention.

Use water spray, fog, foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish fires involving tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5). Do not use direct water jets on the burning material itself, as this may spread the fire. Cool exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.

The vapor pressure of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is approximately 4.4 mmHg at 25°C.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) has very low solubility in water. It is soluble in most organic solvents such as hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones.

In UPR curing, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) decomposes upon heating to generate free radicals. These radicals initiate the cross-linking reaction between the unsaturated polyester chains and a reactive monomer (like styrene), transforming the liquid resin into a solid, thermoset plastic.

The SADT for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is typically below 30°C for commercial formulations. This is the temperature at which self-accelerating decomposition may occur in the packaging, making temperature-controlled storage critical.

The European Community (EC) Number for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is 614-922-1.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is regulated under frameworks like REACH in the EU, TSCA in the USA, and similar chemical inventories worldwide. Its transport is governed by regulations like ADR/RID/ADN (land/inland water), IMDG Code (sea), and IATA/ICAO (air).

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is typically supplied as a stable solution, commonly at 50% or 70% concentration by weight in a phlegmatizing solvent like odorless mineral spirits (OMS).

Transport of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) must be controlled. For UN 3107, Organic Peroxide Type D, the control temperature is often specified as -20°C or lower, and the emergency temperature is typically -10°C or lower, depending on the specific formulation and SADT.

Thermal decomposition of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) primarily yields carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, ethane, acetone, and acetic acid, among other hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) generally has a slightly lower decomposition temperature than its tert-butyl analog. This makes TAPA useful for initiating polymerization at moderately high temperatures where the tert-butyl derivative might be too stable.

While primarily used for bulk/solution polymerization (like LDPE) or curing, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5), being oil-soluble, could theoretically be used in suspension polymerization. For emulsion polymerization, water-soluble initiators are typically preferred.

Organic peroxides like tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) have significant exothermic heats of decomposition (typically in the range of 100-250 kJ/mol). This energy release can cause a "runaway" reaction if the material is heated above its SADT in a confined space.

Acute toxicity data (oral LD50 in rats) for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is typically >2000 mg/kg, indicating low acute toxicity by ingestion. The primary hazards are its oxidizing properties, corrosivity, and ability to cause severe eye/skin damage.

Commercial solutions of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) often contain small amounts of stabilizers (e.g., water, acidic compounds like phosphoric acid) to prevent premature decomposition during storage and transport.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is typically supplied and stored in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) containers or drums. The material must be compatible and not catalyze decomposition.

The purity and active oxygen content of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) are typically determined by analytical methods like iodometric titration (for active oxygen) and gas chromatography (GC) for assay and impurity profiling.

When stored under recommended conditions (cool, below 30°C), commercial tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) formulations typically have a shelf life of 3 to 6 months from the date of manufacture.

The InChIKey for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is FSGAMPVWQZPGJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N.

The SMILES notation for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is CC(C)(C)CCOOC(=O)C.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) can be used as a high-temperature initiator in the polymerization of styrene to produce polystyrene, including EPS, where it helps control molecular weight and structure.

Yes, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) can serve as a free-radical source for graft copolymerization reactions, where it generates radicals on a polymer backbone to initiate the growth of side chains from a different monomer.

In LDPE production, the addition rate of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is precisely controlled and is typically in the range of 50 to 500 ppm relative to the ethylene feed, depending on the desired polymer properties and reactor conditions.

The decomposition rate of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) influences the radical concentration, which affects the degree of chain branching during LDPE polymerization. Higher radical flux can lead to more short-chain branching, which slightly lowers the density of the final LDPE product.

Yes, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) and its solvent diluents are typically classified as VOCs, and their use may be subject to air quality regulations.

There is no specific REL or PEL established by OSHA for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5). Exposure should be controlled to levels as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), and the limits for the solvent (e.g., odorless mineral spirits) should also be considered.

A higher concentration (70%) of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) has a higher active oxygen content and is generally more reactive and potentially more hazardous than a 50% solution. The 50% solution is more phlegmatized (diluted), offering a wider margin of safety during handling and storage.

A Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) typically includes: Assay (by GC or titration), Active Oxygen Content, Solvent Content, Water Content, Acid Value, and Refractive Index.

tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) itself does not polymerize. However, its decomposition products (free radicals) are intended to initiate the polymerization of other monomers. If contaminated or exposed to high heat, its exothermic decomposition can be violent.

An aqueous extract of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is typically slightly acidic due to the presence of stabilizers and potential decomposition products like acetic acid.

The kinematic viscosity of a 70% tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) solution in OMS is approximately 1-2 cSt at 20°C, similar to a light oil.

Use local exhaust ventilation at points of release (e.g., drum opening, transfer points). Equipment should be grounded and bonded to prevent static discharge. Use intrinsically safe electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.

No, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) is generally incompatible with copper, brass, and other heavy metals or their alloys, as they can act as decomposition catalysts. Equipment should be constructed from approved materials like stainless steel, aluminum, or specific plastics.

For transport, tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5), typically as a >50% solution, is classified as UN 3107, ORGANIC PEROXIDE TYPE D, LIQUID, 5.2, PG II.

The decomposition kinetics of tert-Amyl peroxyacetate (CAS 690-83-5) influence the cure speed and exotherm in UPR. A properly selected peroxide like TAPA helps achieve a complete cure, leading to optimal mechanical strength, heat resistance, and chemical resistance in the final composite part.