Perodox® 125 - Tert-Amyl peroxypivalate

tert-Amyl peroxypivalate (TAPP) is an organic peroxide with the CAS number 29240-17-3. It is widely used as a free radical initiator in the polymerization of various monomers such as ethylene, vinyl chloride, and styrene

The CAS registry number for tert-Amyl peroxypivalate is 29240-17-3

The molecular formula for tert-Amyl peroxypivalate is C10H20O3

The molecular weight of tert-Amyl peroxypivalate is 188.26 g/mol

tert-Amyl peroxypivalate is typically supplied as a clear liquid solution

It is commonly available at a concentration of 75% dissolved in isododecane, with an assay range of 74.0-76.0%

The active oxygen content typically ranges from 6.29% to 6.46%

Its primary application is as a free radical initiator for the polymerization of monomers like ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate

It is an effective initiator for high-pressure ethylene polymerization in both autoclave and tubular processes. It can be used alone or combined with other peroxides to achieve a broad polymerization temperature profile

Yes, it can be used as an initiator for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride, typically in the temperature range of 50°C to 65°C

The temperature at which tert-Amyl peroxypivalate has a half-life of 10 hours is 54°C

Its 1-hour half-life temperature is 72°C

The temperature at which it has a half-life of 1 minute is 91°C

The density is 0.924 g/cm³

It has a boiling point of 204°C at 760 mmHg pressure

The flash point is 59.2°C

It should be stored in a cool, ventilated area at a temperature not exceeding 10°C, away from fire, heat sources, acids, and reducing agents

Its UN number is 3113

It belongs to hazard class 5.2 (Organic Peroxides)

It is assigned to packing group II

Its water solubility is 504 mg/L at 20°C

The refractive index is 1.422

What are alternative names for tert-Amyl peroxypivalate?

Alternative names include tert-Pentyl peroxypivalate, Lupersol 554, Esperox 551M, and Trigonox 125, and Perodox 125

Its effectiveness stems from its ability to decompose at specific temperatures to generate free radicals, which efficiently initiate the chain reaction of polymerization

Yes, as a radical initiator, it can be used in the polymerization of various monomers, facilitating both homopolymerization and copolymerization reactions

As an organic peroxide, it requires careful handling. Avoid heat, sparks, and open flames. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and explosion-proof equipment. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before handling

Generally, a higher initiator concentration increases the number of free radicals, which can accelerate the polymerization rate, but the relationship must be optimized for each specific process

While commonly used in suspension polymerization, its suitability for emulsion polymerization depends on the specific system formulation and should be verified experimentally

The solvent, like isododecane, helps to stabilize the peroxide, reduce its hazard potential for storage and handling, and facilitates accurate dosing into polymerization reactors

Spills should be absorbed with an inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and disposed of properly as hazardous waste, following local regulations. Ignition sources must be eliminated

Selection depends on the monomer type, desired polymerization temperature (based on the initiator's half-life data), reaction kinetics, and the properties required in the final polymer

Like other initiators, its decomposition products remain in the polymer at trace levels. These residues are generally considered acceptable for many applications

Like other initiators, its decomposition products remain in the polymer at trace levels. These residues are generally considered acceptable for many applications

Its primary function is initiation. However, under specific conditions and with certain monomers, peroxides can contribute to crosslinking, but this is not its primary use

Shelf life is limited and depends on storage conditions. It must be stored at or below 10°C to maintain stability and activity. Always check the manufacturer's specifications

Potency is typically confirmed by measuring the active oxygen content, often using iodometric titration methods

They differ primarily in their decomposition temperatures (half-life data), solubility, and specific monomer reactivity, making them suitable for different polymerization temperature ranges

Yes, as an organic peroxide (UN 3113, Hazard Class 5.2), it is subject to transport, storage, and handling regulations for such substances

Common methods include titration (for assay and active oxygen), Gas Chromatography (GC) for purity and solvent content, and spectroscopic methods like IR and NMR for identification

The suitability depends on regional regulations and specific applications. The initiator's decomposition products must comply with relevant migration and safety standards

The IUPAC name is 1,1-Dimethylpropyl peroxypivalate or tert-Pentyl peroxypivalate

Initiator concentration and type can influence molecular weight. Generally, higher initiator levels can lead to more chain termination events, potentially lowering the average molecular weigh

Like most organic peroxides, it can be sensitive to heat, contamination (especially by metals, acids, or bases), and potentially light, which can accelerate decomposition

In case of fire involving this peroxide, use water spray, fog, or foam. Do not use direct water jets on the burning material itself, as it may spread the fire

The peroxide bond (-O-O-) in tert-Amyl peroxypivalate undergoes homolytic cleavage upon heating, generating alkoxy and acyloxy radicals that initiate polymerization

Recommended PPE typically includes safety glasses, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact

Yes, it can be used in both batch and continuous processes, such as continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) or tubular reactors for ethylene polymerization

The polymerization temperature is ideally chosen to match the temperature at which the initiator has a suitable half-life (e.g., 1-hour half-life temperature) to ensure a steady radical flux

Peroxides may contain small amounts of stabilizers to prevent premature decomposition during storage. The specific stabilizer would be listed on the Safety Data Sheet

The tert-amyl and pivaloyl groups influence the stability and decomposition kinetics of the peroxide, determining its half-life characteristics and radical generation efficiency

If inhaled, move the person to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Seek immediate medical attention

It is primarily used in the chemical industry, specifically in the production of polymers like polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

he key feature is the peroxypivalate group (-OO-C(O)-C(CH3)3) attached to a tert-amyl group ((CH3)2(C2H5)C-)

Temperature directly controls the rate of peroxide decomposition. Precise control is crucial to maintain a consistent initiation rate, which affects polymerization kinetics and product quality

Activity can be inferred from reaction kinetics (e.g., pressure drop in ethylene polymerization, conversion rate) and analysis of the final polymer properties