Perodox® BPIC - tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) has the molecular formula C8H16O4. Its structure consists of a tert-butyl peroxide group connected to an isopropyl carbonate moiety. The full IUPAC name is tert-butylperoxy 2-methylpropyl carbonate.

The CAS Registry Number for tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate is 2372-21-6. This unique identifier is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to this specific chemical compound.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is primarily used as a free-radical initiator in polymerization reactions, particularly for vinyl monomers like styrene, acrylates, and methacrylates. It serves as a thermal initiator that decomposes at elevated temperatures to generate radicals that initiate polymer chains.

The molecular weight of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is 176.21 g/mol. This is calculated from its molecular formula C8H16O4, with carbon atoms (12.01 × 8), hydrogen atoms (1.008 × 16), and oxygen atoms (16.00 × 4).

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) should be stored in a refrigerator at 2-8°C in its original tightly closed container. It must be kept away from heat sources, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as acids, bases, reducing agents, and metals. Storage areas should be well-ventilated and designated for peroxide storage.

When stored properly at 2-8°C in its original sealed container, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) typically has a shelf life of 6-12 months. The actual shelf life may vary depending on storage conditions and should be verified with the manufacturer's specifications. Regular testing is recommended for critical applications.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) typically begins decomposing at approximately 120-140°C (248-284°F) to generate free radicals. The 10-hour half-life temperature is around 110-120°C. Exact decomposition temperatures depend on the specific formulation, solvent, and concentration.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) has negligible solubility in water due to its organic peroxide nature. It is soluble in most common organic solvents including acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, chloroform, and dichloromethane. Solubility should be verified for specific solvent systems before use.

When handling tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6), use appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing. Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood. Avoid contact with heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials. Have appropriate fire-fighting equipment available.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is primarily a thermal initiator requiring elevated temperatures (typically above 100°C) for efficient decomposition. For room temperature curing, it is often used in combination with accelerators or promoters. However, other peroxide initiators with lower decomposition temperatures are generally preferred for room temperature applications.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can initiate the polymerization of various vinyl monomers including styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and acrylonitrile. It is particularly effective for styrenics and acrylic polymers where high-temperature processing is used.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) typically contains approximately 9.1% active oxygen. This value represents the amount of oxygen available for peroxide reactions and is an important parameter for calculating initiator dosages in polymerization processes.

Compared to other organic peroxides, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) offers intermediate decomposition temperature, good solubility in organic solvents, and relatively stable storage characteristics. It produces tert-butoxy and isopropoxycarbonyloxy radicals upon decomposition, which are effective for initiating various polymerizations.

Upon thermal decomposition, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) primarily generates tert-butoxy and isopropoxycarbonyloxy radicals, which can further decompose to acetone, carbon dioxide, and tert-butanol. The exact decomposition products depend on temperature, solvent, and presence of monomers.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is not typically approved for direct food contact applications. Its use in polymers for food packaging would require extensive migration testing and regulatory approval. Always consult specific regulations (FDA, EFSA, etc.) and conduct appropriate testing for food contact applications.

Typical usage levels of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) range from 0.1% to 2.0% by weight relative to monomer, depending on the specific application, desired molecular weight, polymerization temperature, and monomer reactivity. Optimal concentrations should be determined experimentally for each system.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is synthesized through the reaction of tert-butyl hydroperoxide with isopropyl chloroformate in the presence of a base, or through other esterification methods involving tert-butyl peroxide intermediates. Industrial synthesis typically involves careful temperature control and purification steps.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) has a flash point of approximately 65°C (149°F), though this can vary with purity and formulation. As an organic peroxide, it may decompose before reaching its flash point, so traditional flash point testing may not be entirely representative of its fire hazard.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is generally not suitable for conventional emulsion polymerization due to its hydrophobicity and high decomposition temperature. Water-soluble initiators or redox systems are typically preferred for emulsion polymerization. However, it could potentially be used in miniemulsion or other specialized systems.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) has a density of approximately 1.0 g/cm³ at 20°C, though this may vary slightly with temperature and purity. The density is important for calculating volumes in formulation work and for safety considerations in storage and handling.

For spills of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6), evacuate the area, eliminate ignition sources, and wear appropriate PPE. Absorb with inert material (sand, vermiculite) and place in appropriate containers for disposal. Small spills can be carefully diluted and neutralized with reducing agents. Never return spilled material to original container.

Dispose of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) according to local, regional, and national regulations. Typically, small quantities can be carefully destroyed by controlled reaction with reducing agents. Larger quantities should be handled by licensed waste disposal companies specializing in peroxide disposal. Never pour down drains.

Distillation of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is generally not recommended due to the risk of thermal decomposition and potential explosion. Organic peroxides are thermally sensitive and may decompose violently if heated under confinement. Purification, if necessary, should be performed using alternative methods or by specialists.

The half-life of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) varies with temperature: approximately 10 hours at 110-120°C, 1 hour at 130-140°C, and 0.1 hours (6 minutes) at 150-160°C. These values are approximate and depend on solvent, concentration, and other factors.

Solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding capability significantly affect the decomposition rate of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6). Polar solvents generally accelerate decomposition, while nonpolar solvents may slow it. Aromatic solvents can induce induced decomposition. Always test decomposition kinetics in your specific solvent system.

Yes, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used for crosslinking polyethylene, particularly for wire and cable applications. It decomposes at temperatures suitable for polyethylene processing (typically 160-200°C) and generates radicals that abstract hydrogen atoms from the polymer backbone, leading to crosslinking.

While both are organic peroxide initiators, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) and dicumyl peroxide differ in decomposition temperature, radical type generated, solubility, and application. tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate has a higher decomposition temperature and generates different radical species, making it suitable for different polymerization systems.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is generally incompatible with most antioxidants, which are designed to scavenge free radicals. Antioxidants can inhibit polymerization by reacting with the initiating radicals. If antioxidants are needed in the final product, they are typically added after polymerization is complete.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) has relatively low vapor pressure at room temperature due to its molecular weight and structure. Exact values vary with temperature, but it is generally considered to have low volatility. Always work in well-ventilated areas to minimize inhalation exposure despite low vapor pressure.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) could potentially be used in medical device polymers, but extensive purification would be required to remove decomposition products and residual initiator. Biocompatibility testing would be necessary. Other initiators with lower toxicity profiles are often preferred for medical applications.

Purity of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is typically measured by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) with UV detection, iodometric titration for active oxygen content, and sometimes GC (Gas Chromatography) for volatile impurities. NMR spectroscopy can also be used for structural confirmation and purity assessment.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) decomposes through homolytic cleavage of the peroxide bond (O-O bond) when heated, generating tert-butoxy and isopropoxycarbonyloxy radicals. The isopropoxycarbonyloxy radical can further decarboxylate to yield an isopropoxy radical and carbon dioxide, providing multiple radical species for initiation.

Yes, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used in bulk polymerization of monomers like styrene and methyl methacrylate. However, careful temperature control is essential due to the exothermic nature of bulk polymerization. The initiator concentration must be optimized to control molecular weight and prevent runaway reactions.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) affects polymer molecular weight through the initiator concentration and decomposition rate. Higher initiator concentrations typically yield lower molecular weight polymers due to increased radical concentration and termination rates. The specific effect varies with monomer type, temperature, and other conditions.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) should be transported as an organic peroxide, following appropriate regulations (UN3105 for organic peroxide type D, liquid). It requires proper packaging, labeling, and documentation. Transport should avoid temperature extremes and be in compliance with all applicable transportation regulations.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is generally incompatible with many metals, particularly copper, brass, bronze, and other alloys that can catalyze peroxide decomposition. Stainless steel, aluminum, or fluorinated polymers are preferred for storage and handling equipment. Always verify compatibility before use.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is not typically used as a photoinitiator in UV-curing systems as it requires elevated temperatures for decomposition. For UV curing, specialized photoinitiators that generate radicals upon UV exposure are used. However, it could be used in dual-cure systems combining UV and thermal initiation.

When handling tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6), wear chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), safety goggles or face shield, flame-resistant lab coat, and closed-toe shoes. In case of potential splash, use additional face protection. Have emergency eyewash and safety shower available nearby.

Oxygen generally inhibits free-radical polymerization initiated by tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) by reacting with carbon-centered radicals to form peroxy radicals that are less reactive toward monomers. For efficient polymerization, oxygen is typically removed by purging with inert gas (nitrogen or argon) before and during reaction.

Yes, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used in suspension polymerization as it is soluble in organic monomers but insoluble in the aqueous phase. It partitions into the monomer droplets where it decomposes to initiate polymerization. Stabilizers are needed to prevent droplet coalescence during polymerization.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is thermally stable at recommended storage temperatures (2-8°C) but decomposes exothermically at elevated temperatures. The onset of decomposition typically begins around 120°C. Thermal stability decreases with impurities, so high purity material should be stored properly and used promptly.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) affects polymer properties through initiation efficiency, which influences molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. It can also introduce end groups that may affect thermal stability, color, or other properties. Proper selection of initiator concentration is crucial for achieving desired polymer properties.

For eye contact with tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6), immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek immediate medical attention. Do not rub eyes. Provide SDS to healthcare professionals.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used in block copolymer synthesis through sequential monomer addition if the first block polymerization is stopped before complete monomer conversion. However, controlled/living radical polymerization techniques (ATRP, RAFT, NMP) typically provide better control over block copolymer architecture.

Decomposition of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be monitored by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) for thermal behavior, iodometric titration for peroxide content, FTIR for functional group changes, and HPLC for concentration over time. Gas evolution (CO2) measurement can also track decomposition.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) stability is affected by pH, with both strong acids and bases potentially accelerating decomposition. Acidic conditions can catalyze heterolytic cleavage, while basic conditions may promote hydrolysis. The compound is most stable near neutral pH. Contact with acidic or basic materials should be avoided.

Yes, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used as a crosslinking agent for rubber vulcanization, particularly for ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM, EPDM) and silicone rubbers. It provides peroxide-cured rubber with good heat resistance and compression set properties compared to sulfur vulcanization.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) and benzoyl peroxide differ in decomposition temperature (higher for tert-butyl derivative), radical type generated (tert-butoxy vs. benzoyloxy), solubility, and application. Benzoyl peroxide decomposes at lower temperatures and is more commonly used for room temperature curing with amines.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be diluted with compatible solvents (toluene, benzene, chlorinated solvents) to achieve desired concentrations. Dilution should be performed carefully with temperature control. Diluted solutions may be less stable than the pure material. Always add peroxide to solvent, not solvent to peroxide.

For fires involving tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6), use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water jet directly on burning material as it may spread fire. Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray. Evacuate area and fight fire from protected position.

Yes, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used in combination with other initiators having different decomposition temperatures to achieve broader initiation profiles or specific polymerization kinetics. However, compatibility should be tested as some initiator combinations may interact. Redox systems with this initiator are less common.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is typically packaged in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles or specialized peroxide-compatible containers, often with vented caps to prevent pressure buildup. Packages are usually small (1 kg, 5 kg) due to peroxide hazards. Containers should be stored upright in secondary containment.

Polymerization rate with tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) typically increases with the square root of initiator concentration (Rp ∝ [I]^0.5) for ideal free-radical polymerization. However, at high concentrations, chain transfer or other effects may alter this relationship. Optimal concentration depends on desired molecular weight and conversion.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) is regulated as an organic peroxide. It may be subject to regulations including OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, EPA regulations, and transportation regulations (DOT, IATA, IMDG). It is typically classified as a flammable liquid and oxidizing substance. Check specific regional regulations.

tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) could potentially be used in heat-cured acrylic denture resins, though benzoyl peroxide is more common. For dental applications, biocompatibility, residual monomer, and mechanical properties are critical. Extensive testing would be required for regulatory approval in medical device applications.

Commercial tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) typically has an assay purity of 95-99%, with the remainder being solvents (often aliphatic hydrocarbons), stabilizers, or decomposition products. Higher purity grades are available for sensitive applications. The certificate of analysis should specify exact purity and impurities.

The decomposition rate of tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) follows Arrhenius behavior, approximately doubling for every 10°C increase in temperature. The activation energy is typically 130-150 kJ/mol. Accurate kinetic parameters for specific conditions should be determined experimentally as they vary with solvent and concentration.

Yes, tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 2372-21-6) can be used in graft copolymerization to attach side chains to polymer backbones. The initiator generates radicals that can abstract hydrogen atoms from the backbone polymer, creating radical sites for grafting. Grafting efficiency depends on monomer, backbone, and conditions.