Perodox® 301 - 3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane

The compound is named 3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane.

The unique CAS Registry Number is 24748-23-0.

Its molecular formula is C9H18O6.

The calculated average molecular weight is 222.24 g/mol.

It is a cyclic organic peroxide with a nine-membered ring containing three peroxide (-O-O-) linkages at positions 1,4,7. Carbon atoms 3, 6, and 9 each bear one ethyl and one methyl substituent.

It is classified as a cyclic trialkyl-substituted organic peroxide.

It typically appears as a white to off-white crystalline solid or a low-melting waxy solid.

The melting point typically falls within the range of 42°C to 46°C.

No, it is practically insoluble in water due to its organic, non-polar character.

It is soluble in most common organic solvents such as toluene, dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

It is soluble in most common organic solvents such as toluene, dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The active oxygen content typically ranges from 21.5% to 22.2%.

Significant thermal decomposition generally occurs above 80°C, but this can vary with purity and environment.

Common hazard statements include H242 (Heating may cause a fire) and H319 (Causes serious eye irritation).

Store in a cool (below 25°C), dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials. Keep container tightly closed.

It is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, reducing agents, heavy metal compounds (e.g., iron, cobalt salts), and other substances that promote decomposition.

Recommended PPE includes safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), and protective clothing. Use in a fume hood or with adequate ventilation.

​ Use flooding amounts of water as a spray or fog. Do not use a direct water jet on burning material. Evacuate area and consult a qualified expert for peroxide firefighting.

When stored under recommended conditions, the typical shelf life is 12 months from the date of manufacture.

Its primary use is as a free-radical initiator for the polymerization of monomers like ethylene, styrene, and (meth)acrylates.

Upon thermal decomposition, it generates free radicals that initiate the chain-growth polymerization of vinyl monomers.

It may offer advantages in specific processes due to its unique decomposition temperature profile, solubility characteristics, or the nature of the radical fragments it produces, which can minimize chain transfer or impart specific end-group functionality.

Yes, it can be used as an initiator in certain free-radical modified polypropylene processes or in the polymerization of propylene-derived copolymers.

Yes, it is effective as an initiator for the bulk or solution polymerization of styrene.

It decomposes to generate radicals that can abstract hydrogen atoms from polymer chains, creating radical sites that recombine to form covalent crosslinks between polymer chains, enhancing properties like heat resistance and dimensional stability.

It is used to crosslink polyethylene, certain elastomers, and other polymers to improve their performance in wire & cable insulation, heat-shrink tubing, and automotive parts.

It acts as a curing agent (hardener) by decomposing to generate radicals that initiate the copolymerization between styrene (the crosslinker) and the unsaturated polyester chains, transforming the liquid resin into a solid thermoset.

It is used in fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP) for marine, automotive, and construction applications, as well as in cultured marble and polymer concrete.

Yes, it serves as a selective oxidizing agent in organic synthesis for converting specific functional groups under controlled conditions.

It is a valuable model compound for studying peroxide decomposition kinetics, radical chemistry mechanisms, and for developing new polymerization or crosslinking methodologies.

Technical or commercial grade typically has a purity of ≥97%, often determined by HPLC.

Common methods include HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and iodometric titration for active oxygen.

The half-life at a specific temperature (e.g., 10-hour half-life temperature) is a critical parameter for process design, determining the required reactor temperature and residence time for efficient initiation.

The flash point is typically above 100°C (closed cup), classifying it as a combustible solid.

Generally, no. Its use is primarily industrial. Any application in regulated areas would require extensive testing and specific grade qualification.

Its cyclic structure with three peroxide groups provides different thermal stability and decomposition kinetics compared to linear or simple cyclic peroxides, potentially offering a broader or more specific decomposition temperature window.

It may offer a higher radical yield per molecule and a different decomposition pathway, which can be advantageous for achieving higher molecular weight polymers or different cure profiles in resins.

In some crosslinking applications, it may be considered, but substitution requires careful evaluation due to differences in decomposition temperature, solubility, and the chemical nature of the radical fragments produced.

In some crosslinking applications, it may be considered, but substitution requires careful evaluation due to differences in decomposition temperature, solubility, and the chemical nature of the radical fragments produced.

Thermal decomposition primarily yields alkoxy radicals which further fragment into ketones (like acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), alcohols, and hydrocarbons (ethane, ethylene) through beta-scission and hydrogen abstraction reactions.

Heat, friction, impact, contamination with acids/bases/reducing agents/heavy metals, and exposure to strong UV light can all accelerate decomposition.

While organic peroxides can be sensitive, this specific trialkyl-substituted cyclic peroxide in pure, solid form is generally not considered highly shock-sensitive under normal handling conditions, but caution is always warranted.

It is primarily an irritant to skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Repeated or prolonged exposure may cause target organ damage. Specific toxicological data should be consulted from the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

Waste must be disposed of in accordance with all local, state, and federal regulations. Often, it must be handled as hazardous waste. Small quantities can sometimes be decomposed under controlled, diluted conditions by a qualified chemist, but professional disposal is recommended.

It is expected to hydrolyze and biodegrade in the environment, but the rate depends on conditions. Its organic peroxide nature makes it a potential oxidant in aquatic systems.

Yes, it is available from several global specialty chemical manufacturers and distributors, often as a technical-grade product.

It is typically supplied in tightly sealed containers such as glass bottles, plastic jars, or metal cans, ranging from 100g to 25kg, depending on the supplier.

Yes, it is regulated for transport as a Division 5.2 (Organic Peroxide) substance under UN/ID number 3105 (Liquid, Type D) or 3107 (Solid, Type D). Proper packaging, labeling, and documentation are legally required.

Typical initiator concentrations range from 0.01% to 1.0% by weight of monomer, depending on the desired molecular weight and polymerization temperature.

Generally, increasing the peroxide concentration increases the degree of crosslinking (gel content), improving properties like hot strength and chemical resistance, but there is an optimal range to avoid degradation or embrittlement.

Oxygen is a radical scavenger and can inhibit free-radical polymerization. Processes using this initiator often require an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) to achieve efficient polymerization and prevent premature radical termination.

While less common than for bulk/solution, it can be used if it is sufficiently soluble in the monomer phase of the droplets/particles. Its hydrophobic nature makes it suitable for oil-phase initiation in such heterogeneous systems.